Basysta I. Certain problems in understanding, investigating and litigation of criminal proceedings on separatism and terrorism

DOI:10.33098/2078-6670.2020.9.21.86-95

Objective.Thepublicationistheauthor‘sattempttopresenttothescholarlycommunitytheobjectiveproblemsoftheresearchers’andlegalpractitioners’ understandingofsuchclosely relatedphenomenaasseparatismandterrorism, tocoversomeparticularproblemsofpre–trialinvestigation (whichemergeduetoimpossibilityofconductingurgentinvestigativeactionsrightonthecrimesite, tointerrogatethemilitarypersonnelwitnesses accordingtothegeneralrules, to conduct covert investigation procedures in compliance with the current requirements, to commission and conduct the necessary expert investigations or to officially add the evidentiary items to the case, etc.) and of litigation (being caused by absence of proper regulatory mechanism for recovering the lost materials) for the criminal proceedings of the category mentioned above. It also strives to develop proposals to help reduce the number and urgency of the outlined problems. Methodology.Analysis and synthesis of the scholarly work of several researchers, study of the state of the regulatory support, outlining the author’s own conclusions. The structural and systemic methods, analysis and synthesis, functional and other methods were used in the course of this study. Results.Thisarticleintroducesargumentsthat provide grounds for the following conclusions:

–the Code of Criminal ProcedureofUkraineneedstobeamendedwitha separateprocedurefortaking theproceduralactions (as it is often impossible to conducturgentinvestigativeactionsrightonthecrimesite, tointerrogatethemilitarypersonnelwitnesses accordingtothegeneralrules, to conduct covert investigation procedures in compliance with the current requirements, to commission and conduct the necessary expert investigations or to officially add the evidentiary items to the case, etc.), notjuststipulatingobtainingconsentfor conducting them, as it is now set out in Article 615 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine;

– theprocedureforrestoringthelostmaterialsofcriminalproceedingsof the specified category should differ from the current general one, currently regulated in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine (this includes both criminal proceedings that are still at the stage of the pretrial investigation with no procedural judgment yet and that have already received the judgment of the courts of the first instance, courts of appeal, courts of cassation, or the European Court of Human Rights);

– the guidelines shouldbedevelopedtohelp mitigateandalleviatethepsychologicalcomponentwhen evaluating evidence in the criminal proceedings of the specified category;

– anotherurgentissueisresolvingtheproblem of investigative units being overloaded.

Academicnovelty.Terrorismandseparatismarenowmanifestinginmanycountries, and, unfortunately, Ukraine is one of them. Basedontheavailablescholarlyopinions, practice, andonmyexpertise, Iattempttooutlinetheurgentissuesandtoarticulaterecommendationthatcanbeusefulintheregulatory and practical activities on investigation and litigation of this category of criminal proceedings. Practicalimportance.Thestudyresultscanbeusedintheregulatoryandlaw–enforcementactivityinthecourseofinvestigationofcriminal offences connected to separatism and terrorism.

Keywords: separatism, terrorism, national security, investigation, criminalproceedings, pre-trialinvestigation, investigativeactions, litigation/courtproceeding, the Supreme Court, European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).

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